Qualitative Research Explorer
Understanding the 'Why' and 'How'
An interactive guide to the core principles of qualitative research in social science. Explore methodologies, data analysis techniques, and the philosophical foundations that shape our understanding of human experience.
Foundations of Qualitative Inquiry
Qualitative research offers a distinct lens on the world, rooted in philosophies that prioritize meaning and context. This section explores its core definition and how it fundamentally differs from quantitative approaches.
Philosophical Roots
Qualitative research is built on the idea that reality is not fixed, but is socially constructed and interpreted. Two key philosophies guide this approach:
Interpretivism
Focuses on understanding human behavior by interpreting the subjective meanings people attach to their actions and experiences within their social contexts.
Constructivism
Asserts that knowledge is not discovered but actively constructed by the mind. Reality exists in multiple forms, co-created through human interaction.
Core Characteristics
These principles define the qualitative approach:
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Naturalistic: Studies phenomena in their real-world settings, without manipulation.
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Emergent Design: The research plan is flexible and evolves as insights emerge from the data.
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Purposeful Sampling: Participants are selected for being "information-rich," not for statistical representation.
Qualitative vs. Quantitative
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The Research Process: A Visual Journey
Qualitative research follows a cyclical and iterative path rather than a rigid, linear one. Click on each step below to explore the key activities, methods, and considerations involved in designing and executing a qualitative study.
Core Methodologies & Data Analysis
Qualitative research employs various comprehensive frameworks for inquiry and specific techniques for analysis. This section explores the most common approaches, from understanding lived experiences with Phenomenology to generating theory with Grounded Theory.
Ensuring Rigor & Ethical Conduct
Trustworthiness and ethical integrity are the bedrocks of credible qualitative research. Explore the key criteria for establishing rigor and the core principles that protect research participants.
The Four Pillars of Trustworthiness
Core Ethical Principles
Applications & Practical Considerations
Qualitative methods are applied across numerous social science disciplines. Here, we look at typical sample sizes, a key practical question for any researcher.
Estimated Sample Sizes by Methodology
While the guiding principle is 'data saturation,' these are typical ranges. The goal is depth of information, not statistical power.